Ipratropium Bromide Is An Bronchodilator †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Ipratropium Bromide Is An Bronchodilator? Answer: Introducation Ipratropium bromide is an antimuscarinic bronchodilator. However, injection of this medicine increases the heart rate3. The medicine blocks the muscarinic receptors thus acetylcholine will decrease. When the level of acetylcholine decreases, the action of pacemaker increases by decreasing potassium and increasing economics of sodium and calcium hence increasing heart rate4. Neostigmine can reverse the non-depolarizing effects of vecuronium because vecuronium is not a deep neuromuscular block. Neostigmine competitively blocks the binding of vacuronium to its binding site2. In other cases, neostigmine may directly block the activities of vecuronium. By doing so, the effects of vecuronium are therefore reversed. Neostigmine can enhance the effects of decamethonium. Neostigmine enhances the effects of decamethonium as it raises the concentration of acetylcholine at the myoneural junction hence inability to stimulate muscle fiber, hence enhancing effects of decamethonium. The crop duster inhaled the organophosphates which inhibited cholinesterase enzyme in the body that is found in the nervous system whose function is to breakdown acetylcholine1. Upon the inactivation of cholinesterase, there is increase of acetylcholine in the nerves thus becoming overactive hence unable to breathe leading to death1. References Bentham Science Publisher, BenthamS. "Organophosphate Toxicity Relating to Exposure Route and Type of Agent."Chemical-Induced Seizures: management,Consequences and Treatment,2012, pp.39-48. Sasaki, Nobuo, et al. "Effects of Neostigmine Reversal of Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents on Postoperative Respiratory Outcomes."Survey of Anesthesiology, vol.59, no.2,2015, pp.90-91. Singh, Sonal, et al. "Pro-arrhythmic and pro-ischaemic effects of inhaled anticholinergic medications." financial, vol.68, no.1,2012, pp.114-116. Singh, Sonal. "Republished: Pro-arrhythmic and pro-ischaemic effects of inhaled anticholinergic medications."Postgraduate Medical Journal, vol.90, no.1062,2014, pp.205-207.

Climate Change Mitigation free essay sample

Climate change mitigation is the action to reduce the intensity of radiative forcing in order to reduce the effects of global warming (IPCC, 2006). Climate change mitigation can be done through several means such as developing alternative energy which includes renewable and nuclear energy, decreasing the carbon intensity of fossil fuel through carbon capture and sequestering, reforestation and also simply by conserving energy. Based on the cost-benefit analysis of each methods, I believe that the effectiveness and practically of each methods can be ranked, in decreasing order, as such – (1) Reducing energy use by conservation (2) Developing renewable energy (3) Carbon capture and sequestering (4) Building more nuclear power plant and lastly (5) Reforestation. The most cost effective and practical way to mitigate climate change is through conservation of energy. Energy conservation encompasses using less energy, for example through behavioural change and using energy efficient innovations and designs. Energy conservation focuses on reducing our dependence on fossil fuels thus lowering the amount of carbon emissions generated by human activities. Unlike the other mitigation methods, energy conservation usually does not require huge investment cost and in the long run can also bring about cost savings to both the individuals and organisations. For instance, by switching from using CFLs to LED lights, one can experience a 100% annual cost savings as the annual operating cost of CFLs is twice that of the annual operating cost of LED lights (Design Recycle Inc, 2011). Energy conservation is also the most practical way for us to fight against climate change because it enables us to reduce our resource inputs to the economy, thus, it ensures that the non-renewable resources available will be able to support human activities for a longer period of time. Despite being the most cost-effective and practical way for climate change mitigation, it is definitely not an easy task to effect energy conservation programs. Strict government regulations will have to be enforced to ensure that every organisation comply with ‘green standards’. Educational programs and price signals (high electricity cost) will have to be in place to bring about a behavioural change amongst every individual for successful energy conservation. Developing renewable energy ranks next after energy conservation in terms of its effectiveness and practicality. In 2006, about 19% of the global electricity is generated from renewable sources such as hydropower, wind and solar-generated energy (REN21, 2006). This indicates the effectiveness in developing renewable energy as it is able to contribute a reasonable amount of electricity to supplement human activities. Furthermore, the development of renewable energy as an alternative form of energy can help to reduce our dependence on fossil fuel, hence, reducing carbon emissions in the long run. However, developing renewable energy pales in terms practically as it often requires huge investment cost yet the amount of energy that can be generated is often variable and less efficient as compared to combusting fossil fuels. For instance, installation of a highly efficient solar cell can cost more than $1000, and some households may need more than one solar cell. This makes the initial installation of solar panels very costly and solar panels are only able to generate electricity during daylight hours. This means for around half of each day, solar panels are not producing energy for your home (Clean Energy Ideas, 2007). Hence, it may not be very practical to focus on developing renewable energy so as to mitigate climate change. However, it is definitely important to continue developing and finding new ways to improve on the current renewable energy technology so that renewable energy can be more affordable and reliable in the near future. Although carbon capture and sequestering (CCS) do not help to reduce our dependence on fossil fuel, it is however still effective in reducing climate change. It is estimated that CCS could contribute between 10% and 55% of the cumulative worldwide carbon-mitigation effort over the next 90 years (Robinson, 2010). Though it requires up to 40% more energy to run a CCS coal power plant than a regular coal plant, CCS could potentially capture about 90% of all the carbon emitted by the plant. As of late 2011, the total Carbon Dioxide storage capacity of all 14 projects in operation or under construction is broadly equivalent to preventing the emissions from more than six million cars from entering the atmosphere each year (Global CCS Institute, 2011). This indicates the effectiveness of CCS in reducing the impact of human activities on the environment as large amounts of our outputs can be captured and stored safely to prevent emission back to the atmosphere. However, unlike the first two options of energy conservation and developing renewable energy, CCS may not be effective in the long run as it does not reduce our dependence on burning fossil fuel. Due to the huge investment costs involved in building CCS operations, less developed countries may not be able to afford such technologies. Therefore, it will be a more practical option for developed countries to adopt so as to reduce their carbon emissions contributed by industrial activities. Despite the effectiveness of nuclear power plants in generating energy for human activities, it is not a very practical option to build more nuclear power plants due to safety concerns. The fact that nuclear power plants currently supply around 15% of the world’s electricity illustrates the effectiveness of the project. In countries like France where 75% of their electricity is derived from nuclear power plants (World Nuclear Association, 2013), constant development and improvement of nuclear power plants is inevitable. However, developing more nuclear power plants may not a practical way to help mitigate climate change despite its ability to help reduce our dependence on burning fossil fuels. First, developing nuclear power plants requires high investment which includes the construction cost, operation cost, and also the cost of plant decommissioning and nuclear waste storage cost. Second, nuclear power plants are susceptible to natural disasters, military attacks and operational error. For example, the tsunami in Fukushima Japan has led to the meltdown of the reactors which caused chemical explosions to occur, releasing radioactive materials into the environment (CBS News, 2011). Nuclear power plants have also become a potential target for military attacks as illustrated by the frequent bombings of nuclear power plants in the Middle East region (Sovacool, 2011). Such nuclear accidents can have a long term effect on the organisms living in vicinity of the nuclear power plants. As such, taking into account the probability of occurrence of such accidents, it is not practical for countries to develop more nuclear power plants. Reforestation ranks last in terms of effectiveness and practically. Although reforestation facilitates biosequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and rebuilds habitat for organisms at the same time, it is however, impractical for reforestation to be carried out in large scale. First, as many countries move towards urbanization, it is unlikely that sufficient space will be available for reforestation to be conducted at a scale that can bring about a tangible reduction in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Second, reforestation requires long term investment as it takes time for the plants and trees to grow. At the rate at which human activities generates carbon emissions, reforestation will be ineffective in capturing carbon dioxide at a comparable rate that can decrease the level of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Instead of reforestation, avoiding deforestation will be a more feasible way and effective way to mitigate climate change. In conclusion, to effectively mitigate climate change, proposals need to look at either reducing our carbon emissions by decreasing our dependence on burning fossil fuel or clearing up the carbon emissions which we have emitted to the atmosphere. In the long run, proposals that can reduce our dependence on burning fossil fuel will be a more effective method as it reduces the amount of carbon emissions to the atmosphere, hence, energy conservation and developing renewable energy is ranked as the top two means to mitigate climate changes. Although carbon capture does not reduce our dependence on fossil fuel, it nevertheless is an effective way in the short run, for us to store carbon emissions before we can develop cheaper ways to harness renewable energy and before we can successful implement energy conservation programs. Due to the safety concerns related to developing nuclear power plants, such developments need to be exercise with caution. Countries should also look at imposing laws to avoid deforestation rather than carrying out reforestation projects that may not be as effective and practical in mitigating climate changes.

Writing An Essay About Yourself - Sample Essays

Writing An Essay About Yourself - Sample EssaysYou might have a few reasons to write an essay about yourself. Maybe you are proud of your past accomplishments, or maybe you are trying to present yourself in the best light possible. Whatever the reason, this guide will help you out with sample essays about yourself. With this guide, you'll be able to write an essay about yourself, whether you're a teenager or an adult, in no time.The first thing you'll want to do is create a story about yourself. When you've written a story about yourself, make sure you've taken the time to think about what makes you unique. Think about any unique experiences you have had, especially if they are things you are proud of. Or, at least, make sure you've written something you feel is honest and sincere.Once you've created a quality story about yourself, you'll need to take a few notes. Write down a list of things that make you special. It's important to write down these, so you can remember them later on when you're writing an essay about yourself. You want to keep these things in mind when you're creating a sample essay about yourself. This way, when you sit down to write the essay, you'll have a better idea of what you want to talk about.To write the essay, start by writing what you would like the reader to know about you. If you are proud of your achievements, make sure you mention them. Keep in mind that you'll want to present yourself in the best light possible. Make sure you put into consideration things that you don't really like about yourself. Be as honest as possible, and do your best to get it right.As you write your sample essay, don't forget to express yourself. Be expressive in what you say. Even if you're afraid of writing, you'll be surprised how you can express yourself when you write about yourself. In fact, many people find they enjoy writing about themselves more than anything else. It's a wonderful feeling to get out of the drudgery of everyday life and write so mething meaningful to you.Make sure you address everyone and everything about yourself, from your name to your last name. This can make for a very interesting essay, and it will make sure that you tell the whole story, instead of just talking about yourself. So, take your time and write an essay about yourself in just the right way.Writing an essay about yourself can be quite easy. If you don't take the time to think about it, you can still come up with some great ideas to include in your essay. What's more, when you write the essay, you can make it more personal, if you like.

A Textual Analysis Essays - James Hetfield, Nothing Else Matters

A Textual Analysis of Nothing Else Matters by Metallica: An Open Mind and True Heart "Metallica plays heavy metal music." This is a common stereotype of the band. "Their songs consist of nothing but meaningless screaming, while banging their guitars as loud as possible. Hordes of incomprehensible fans jump around in circles flailing their arms in the air screaming the so-called lyrics to their songs. It is not music." Numerous people believe this in all sincerity. The song "Nothing Else Matters," by no means falls under the heavy metal category. It is the type of song that would be played for a slow dance. Through the use of ethos and pathos, the author, James Hetfield, connects with his audience in ways to convince them that life is important and being true to yourself will help you survive. In 1992, Bob Rock came to Metallica and convinced them they had yet to produce an album they were capable of. He motivated and pushed Hetfield to write a song far different from any previous hits. After over a year of production and recording, their acclaimed Black album sold millions. Among the large list of award-winning songs was "Nothing Else Matters." It caught the music industry off guard. The song's mellow mood caught the eye of more than just their die-hard fans. Hetfield wanted to show how his open mind had affected his life. A decade of heavy metal rock had won over many fans. Hetfield had captured the attention of the distraught teens of the times. He had earned the respect of the pot-heads and stoners. His audience consisted of mainly kids and young adults struggling to make it through life. Trying to find out who they are, they looked to Metallica's music. The message presented in this song was a strong one. It proved to these fans that despite life's struggles and all t he trials that are thrown your way, nothing matters aside from having a true heart and an open mind. Hetfield does a good job of appealing to ethos. He had already established himself as a musician and won over many fans. They became loyal to Metallica's music, and were willing to listen to any type of song, whether it was slow, fast, emotional or heavy. One specific verse in the song Hetfield explains his sincerity. He says, "?No matter how far, couldn't be much more from the heart." This is something very dear to Hetfield. He is attempting to show his fans how much he cares about life. Hetfield likes inspire his fans to think about their lives. He challenges his listeners to look inside themselves. He gets right down into the pathos, and shows his fans how to find things out for themselves. His attempt to convey the importance of being true to yourself is very effective. Many of his struggling fans want to find themselves. They want to know who they are and what they are going to become. He does a great job of helping these teens with their struggles. You can tell that Hetfield cares about himself, and it seems he watches out for his fans. It almost seems that he is talking to his fans on a personal level. His life is fun-filled and exciting, and he tries to show his fans how he got there. The song's title "Nothing Else Matters" expresses how highly Hetfield regards his message. If nothing else really matters, then what does matter must be extremely important. There are a lot of things in life that people see as important. Family, friends, and career all affect our lives. So what is it that is so important that "Nothing Else Matters"? Hetfield is saying that an open mind will always be a strong influence in your life. With such a strong title, the fans are forced to think about the song. If the title was, "There's not a Whole Lot That Matters More," it would not catch someone's attention. What is it, that is so captivating and so important in his life, that nothing else matters? This does a great job of grabbing the attention of his listeners. Again, Hetfield uses ethos to captivate his audience. The individuals seeking for direction and success in their life,

Opera Development in Italy essays

Opera Development in Italy essays Although opera did not originate in Venice...it found a most nurturing environment in the Most Serene Republic (Rosand, p. 8). Much of Europes music was dominated by Italian opera during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. The wealthier upper class would commission huge works that combined music, drama, and dance for the first time in history. This combination of the fine arts was the birth of opera. Several cities in Italy, Florence, Naples, Rome, and Venice in particular, contributed to the development and perfection of the new genre (Kimbell, p. 26). The entire opera movement was born in Florence, Italy. It all started with Bardi and the Florentine Camerata, which met in an attempt to recreate Greek drama. At the time, it was assumed that early Greek tragedies were sung, and therefore, people wanted to recreate this sound (Sternfeld, p. 56). This camerata influenced the rise of music in Florence, but the city was not eager to support opera. One distinct characteristic of opera that was partially developed in Florence is monody. Monody is an accompanied solo song. It soon became an almost essential part to any opera. Florence also produced such musical geniuses as Cavalieri, Peri, and Caccini. Florences upper-class, wealthy community supported the opera greatly, which helped to establish Italy as one of the centers of opera during the entire Baroque movement. Naples is most known for the opera buffa, or the comic opera. This Neapolitan opera, as it was called at the time, was only successful within the city, though. Its relevance to everyday life and the rise of dialect comedies caused people to fall in love with this different type of opera. The dialect comedies put emphasis on local plot settings, in order to further bring out the humor (Galatopoulos, p. 44). In Rome, the Catholic Church, rather than the wealthy public, gre ...

Greer's observation of masculinity run riot Essay

Greer's observation of masculinity run riot - Essay Example According to Greer (894), research conducted by Skuse found out that different treatment was subjected to the feeding infants was wired into the mothers’ routines such that boys got away with cries that appeared to be demanding for food. On the contrary, girls were allowed time to learn between cries and feeding which perhaps teaches them patience and less masculinity in their later life. â€Å"Mothers perceive boy babies as hungrier and as better feeders than girls; what this means is probably that they enjoy feeding their boy babies more than they enjoy feeding their girls, for whatever reason,† Greer (894). The toughening that the boy eventually gets from the traditional masculine myths of how tough men ought to be further propels the boy to very high heights of virtual gender status preached by masculinity. It is clearly illustrated in Greer’s essay that boys learn the virtue of courage from the manner in which the mothers breastfeed them and later pay attention to them better than what fathers offer to their daughters. The female strength in sociability and intuition enables boys to have a better learning experience regarding their environment than what girls make of their learning from their fathers. â€Å"Daughters will develop more self-confidence if their fathers are encouraging and appreciative of their efforts, but fathers seldom give such matters much attention and, if they do, usually demand objective verification of a daughters merit before giving encouragement. By â€Å"masculinity run riot,† Greer (898) implies that the male fraternity under the masculinity perception regime in the society attacks those they feel inadequate to propel the tough roles that males ought to play. It follows that a regrouping occurs where soft males are isolated and made fun of due to the fact that they fall short of the masculine cult expectations. It is possible therefore that the majority of males who feel superior to others due to

To what extent today's business broke through limits of ethics and Essay

To what extent today's business broke through limits of ethics and respect towards others - Essay Example This comes with the augmentation of the need for land as a major investment asset and factor, creating a worldwide land market. Globalization and liberalization of land asset rights and subsequent promotion of foreign investments in the Tanzanian dispensation offer fertile background and chance to the contemporary land acquisition deals. Moreover, the rapid hiking of such investments triggered a huge debate in their eventual impacts in Tanzania. Since it is greatly affirmed that agriculture in developing nations is in need of exploitation and investment, there exists a controversy in the ethics of foreign involvement in acquiring these lands. Supporters argue that the acquisition and investment results into new income generating opportunities, advanced technology and infrastructural advancements in the rural areas while the critics claim evidence of rights violations, food insecurity and degradation of natural resources on land (Mteti). Introduction This report succinctly generates a n assessment of valid information regarding the acquisition of land by transnational affiliation from foreign countries. Additionally, it espouses on various cases relating to the same while questioning whether such cases reflect positive or negative ethics by both parties. Is it the Tanzanian government that does not have statutes and stipulations in place or is it the people that do not embrace economic and social transformations? The other question would be whether the foreign investors reasonably acquire the agricultural land and whether they distribute the benefits to Tanzania fairly. In addition, this report expounds on the merits and demerits associated with the practice, the ethical perspectives applied in their evaluation and eventually recommendations for the Tanzanian government and people in embracing and establishing a mutual and fair relationship with the foreign investors that undoubtedly contribute to national and global economy. Findings Driving Factors to Foreign L and Acquisition After a number of decades of low investment in the agricultural and fuel sector in the Tanzanian dispensation and other nations, the epoch of the late 20s witnessed a hike in foreign direct investment in fundamental agricultural production. The reasons behind this surge are complicated and diverse but the critical drivers can be connected to the immense increase in commodity prices in the period of up to 2008 and the knowledge that demand for fixed natural resources is normally set to augment significantly in the oncoming decades (Larsen). Moreover, the increase in food and fuel prices mandated nations that immensely rely on imported food and fuel to invest in the other countries where land among other resources are plentiful with an aim to secure supply. This obviously is one of the factors that foreign affiliations resorted to invest in Tanzania. In addition, the need for sustainable energy solutions is another strong driving factor that pushed into an increasing l arge-scale investment in Tanzania’s land sector majorly by foreign investors. In Tanzania and Africa generally, global concerns have risen to attention by large scale land acquisitions and foreign direct